Giraffes evolved over many generations to have long necks. giraffes that had longer necks were more likely to survive than giraffes with shorter necks because they had better access to food. this is an example of

Adaptation to the environment

When the ball is rising up, it gains kinetic energy. when the ball reaches the very top, it will have all potential energy, until it falls back down and gains it kinetic energy. finally when you catch the ball or it falls back down, it would have gained its potential energy back.

Covalent bond is the correct answer