Mutualistic relationships among species, such as among plants and pollinating animals: (choose all that apply) a. may be destabilized by the evolution of "cheating" in which one species obtains a benefit from the other without providing benefit in return b. are inherently stable, because the species are likely to become extinct if they do not maintain the mutually beneficial relationship. c. evolve in order to maintain the balance of nature. d. begin with one species evolving to benefit the other, in order to induce the other species to evolve reciprocity. e. show that the notion of “selfish genes” is wrong.

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hypoxemia refers to a below usual concentration of oxygen in the blood, mainly in the arteries. hypoxemia is an indication of an issue associated with circulation or breathing and may lead to various symptoms like shortness of breath.  

the condition is identified by determining the level of oxygen in the blood sample obtained from an artery. it can also be predicted by determining the oxygen saturation of the blood with the application of a pulse oximeter.  

the normal arterial oxygen is about 75 to 100 mm hg. the values underneath 60 mm hg is generally considered with the requirement for supplemental oxygen. the normal pulse oximeter readings generally range between 95 to 100 percent. the values under 90 percent are regarded as low.  

in the given case, the oxygen saturation is measured at 93 percent, hence, there is no need to administer oxygen, that is, one should withhold oxygen.