In a classic study reported by tolman (1948), rats were exposed to a complex maze that had three different paths to food: path 1 was shortest, path 2 was a bit longer, and path 3 was the longest. after experiencing all of the paths, rats showed a strong preference for path 1 (the shortest path). then, the researchers blocked path 1-which, also, as it turns out, blocked path 2. what did rats do when they were placed in this situation?

Based on the law of dominance, we would expect percent of the offspring from this cross to have large teeth.

*a mastectomy is the surgical removal of one or both breasts, either partially of fully. an oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. analyze a woman’s risk of dying of cancer if she carries a mutated brc1 gene. how do heredity and inheritance relate to the data presented in these charts? what data would you need to see in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of preventive surgeries? what does the age at diagnosis tell you about the mutation? explain how breast-cancer genes are still present in the population, despite cancer-related surgeries and deaths.

Why did ancient cultures track seasons?