Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was a terrestrial vertebrate. today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. what term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?

4. multiple crosses were made between true-breeding lines of black and yellow labrador retrievers. all the f1 progeny were black. when these progeny were intercrossed, they produced an f2 consisting of 91 black, 39 yellow and 30 chocolate. a. propose an explanation for the inheritance of coat color in labradors. b. propose a biochemical pathway for coat color determination and indicate how the relevant genes control coat coloration.