The afrikaners are an example of a founder effect that occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the
original population and the random decrease in genetic variation is an example of?

a. genetic drift
b. natural selection
c. genetic recombination
d. the bottleneck effect

Cladistics is a way of classifying organisms by examining the characteristics of their ancestors and descendants and depicting the relationships in a cladogram. which of the following best describes a challenge in classifying organisms this way? a. there are millions of species on earth, and a cladogram is not a practical means for classifying all of them. b. it is impossible to tell which organisms are most closely related to each other using a cladogram. c. cladograms are detail-oriented and do not provide a useful understanding of evolutionary relationships. d. there is a limited number of ways to organize the information, so most cladograms end up looking very similar.

In a lab, scientists grew several generations of offspring of a plant using the method shown. what conclusion can you make about the offspring? a. they formed from meiosis and mitosis. b. they have half the number of chromosomes as their parent. c. they have low genetic variability among them. d. they will be able to reproduce only after they grow flowers.

Can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way. the backbone that protects the spinal cord does not form and close as it should. this often results in damage to the spinal cord and nerves. a) cleft palate b) spina bifida c) encephalocele d) down's syndrome