which of the following is not a characteristic of life?
1) the ability to resign to the environment or stimuli
2) the ability to move
3) the ability to reproduce
4) the ability to obtain and use energy

I would say 1 but you might want to make sure someone else is 100% sure :)

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.