Apostitivly charged atom has? a. lost electrons b. lost protons c. gained electrons d. gained protons

Not to be too picky, but the question ought to say a positively charge ion rather than atom.

I will assume that is what you mean. An ion, using ordinary means, will be positive if it loses electrons (which are negative).

An ion can never gain protons. Left alone, the nucleus will remain unchanged for the rest of eternity. D is wrong.

C is wrong. If electrons are gained, the ion will go negative.

B is wrong for the same reason D is. An ion can't gain protons and it can't lose them.

A is the answer.

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1. efficient use of space

2. elimination of groundwater contamination

3. energy generation

4. lower carbon footprint