What theory states that species stay the same for a long time and then change quickly because of environmental changes?

The answer would be letter C, coordinated stasis.

Coordinated stasis proposed by Gordon Baird suggests that

groups of species stay the same for a long period of time, and then change

quickly because of environmental changes, or experience an event of rapid

extinction.

if the type of the food available changes, then the frequency of beak types will change, because birds with beaks more suited to the available food will be more successful over time.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.