How is the sickle-cell allele maintained through natural selection?
a. mosquitoes that pass along the parasite also pass on the recessive alleles.
b. individuals with two recessive alleles have very high rates of reproduction
c. individuals with two dominant alleles have very low rates of reproduction
d. heterozygous individuals pass the dominant and recessive alleles to offspring

Individuals with two recessive alleles have very high rates of reproduction

Explanation:

When two heterozygous individuals AS and AS get married, they eventually pass either the dominant or recessive alleles to their offsprings. Some of the offspring will be homozygous for the sickle cell allele, some may be heterozygous while some may not have the sickle cell allele at all.

Individuals that are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele live longer and have a greater chance of reproduction thereby passing on the homozygous sickle cell allele to their offspring.

Hence, by sexual

biology is the study of life. it is the study of living organism.

the offspring would all be white. if the parents are both white flowers then they have the genotype rr, which when crossed results in an all white punnet square.