What are some ways that the genetic information in dna can be changed or damaged?

DNA damage systematically causes mutations in the genome and changes genetic information.

The pathways of DNA damage are divided into

Exogenous: due to physical factors (such as UV rays and X and gamma ionizing rays) and chemical factors (desaminants, alkylating agents, oxidizing agents, adducts, nucleotide analogues ...).

Endogenous: they are physiological factors (oxidation desamination, depurination ...).

The consequences of these lesions are:

* Nucleotide substitution (one or more nucleotides)

* Insertion and deletion of nucleotides (one or more nucleotides): addition or deletion of nucleotides within the genome.