Both human beings and snakes have backbones, but snakes can perform more flexible movements than human beings. why?

Bones of snakes are very loosely fused together like in humans. Hence these bones can move individually allowing the snakes to be really flexible. The ribs of snakes do not join like those of humans but instead, have free ends and do not have a sternum.

c) 50% there are four chromosomes. after crossing over, 2 of the four have been changed. that means any gamete has a 2 in 4 chance or 50% chance of receiving the mutated chromosome.