Organisms are classified, or grouped into categories, based on similarities in their characteristics and/or evolutionary relationships. the study of how organisms are classified is known as

taxonomy

Explanation:

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it cools slower in the earth meaning the crystals have more time to form than lava on the surface

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given bodies of water

pacific / arctic / indian / southern

[ a ] the caribbean sea

[ b ] the northern ocean

[ c ] the atlantic ocean

[ d ] the barents sea

with this being the given answers