Recall the molecular tools you studied in pbs and hbs-gel electrophoresis, pcr, and restriction analysis. how do you think these techniques and procedures can be used to test human genes?

***the molecular tools are:

Restriction enzymes

Restriction genes allow the synthesis of DNA-cleaving endonucleases at very specific sites to digest parasite DNA

-RNAse

* RNA A: specifically cleaves single-stranded RNAs, and releases residues of pyrimidine 3'-phosphates

* H RNA: cleaves DNA / RNA hybridization -digests RNA in an RNA-DNA complex. It is used to remove RNA after making a first strand of cDNA using reverse transcriptase.

-Alclaline phosphatase:

Alkaline phosphatases are active at alkaline pH. They make it possible to remove the phosphate group situated at 5 'of a DNA chain. They are extracted from bacteria or animal origin (intestines). They are used to prepare recombinant DNA.

-Kinase:

Kinases make it possible to fix a phosphate group in the presence of ATP.

-the enzymes copying the nucleic acids:

* DNA Polymerase (Taq, and the Klenow fragment) for example)

* inverted transcriptase.

* RNA polymerase

-Ligase

***Use of these techniques.

The biologist has a number of tools and methods for studying gene mutation. The analysis of the gene will make it possible to diagnose certain pathologies. Then, once the pathology is known, the doctor can establish an adequate treatment for the patient in order to treat it.

All the molecular tools such as PCR, gel electrophoresis, restriction analysis can help to analyze the human genome or DNA sample and anomalies associated with genetic material.

Further Explanation:

In general, PCR technique is used to amplify the small sequence of DNA. They make multiple copies of single sequence. Gel electrophoresis, define the band size of DNA, and also help in analyzing the sequence of the DNA. They separate the fragment of DNA on the basis of band size. On the other hand, Restriction analysis help in analyzing the disease related particular sequence or any point mutation. They can easily analyze the point mutation or any hereditary disease.

These techniques, methods, and procedures - like restriction analysis and pcr can be used or help to assess human genes by receiving a control sample of DNA related to any kind of disease. Also, receiving a patients sample and then associating, if the family hypothetically has that kind of disease.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about mitosis

2. Learn more about the menstrual cycle

3. Learn more about meiosis

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Molecular Biology

Keywords:

Point mutation, Gel electrophoresis, disease, hereditary, family, sample, DNA, band, point mutation, restriction analysis, size, PCR, sequence.

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