How can a mutation in a gene cause a change in an organism’s phenotype?

Nhumans, abo blood types refer to glycoproteins in the membranes of red blood cells. there are three alleles for this autosomal gene: ia, ib, and i. the ia allele codes for the a glycoprotein, the ib allele codes for the b glycoprotein, and the i allele doesn't code for any membrane glycoprotein. ia and ib are codominant, and i is recessive to both ia and ib. people with type a blood have the genotypes iaia or iai, people with type b blood are ibib or ibi, people with type ab blood are iaib, and people with type o blood are ii. if a woman with type ab blood marries a man with type o blood, which of the following blood types could their children possibly have? in humans, abo blood types refer to glycoproteins in the membranes of red blood cells. there are three alleles for this autosomal gene: ia, ib, and i. the ia allele codes for the a glycoprotein, the ib allele codes for the b glycoprotein, and the i allele doesn't code for any membrane glycoprotein. ia and ib are codominant, and i is recessive to both ia and ib. people with type a blood have the genotypes iaia or iai, people with type b blood are ibib or ibi, people with type ab blood are iaib, and people with type o blood are ii. if a woman with type ab blood marries a man with type o blood, which of the following blood types could their children possibly have? a, b, ab, and o ab and o a, b, and o a and b

Describe the function of the endomembrane system? what organelles are involved?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).