When seeds germinate, roots grow downward and stems grow upward in response to gravity. this response to gravity is called a. phototropism b. hydrotropism c. thigmotropism d. geotropism

D. geotropism. Phototropism is the response to light, hydrotropism is the response to moisture, and thigmotropism is the response to a touch stimulus

the right side of the picture going down is:

polymerase

protein

transport vesicle

modified protein

the left side of the picture going down is:

dna helix

single-stranded rna

endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome

golgi apparatus

protein released from vesicle

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some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called most biotrophic fungi have fairly narrow host ranges—they are specialized on a limited called rhizomorphs that allow the fungus to grow from one tree to another. ascospores are formed inside a sac-like structure called an ascus. so your answer is a