1). a very simple interpretation of protein denaturation using the folding funnel would be a marble at the bottom of the funnel simply moving back up to the top of the funnel. however, this is not a complete representation of denaturation. denaturation involves changes in thermodynamic state functions, and thus changes to the funnel itself. how would the funnel change during denaturation? be as specific as possible in your answer, and provide as much rationale as possible to justify your answer.

Let us assume that the funnel is also made of protein, now thermodynamic state changes in the protein structure causes the peptide bonds between the proteins to denature and change losing their strength and conformation this change in conformation would result in the funnel itself to lose its shape, it could have extra grooves form within it or it could break away completely dissociating the ionic bonds that holds the polypeptides together as the tertiary structure of a protein molecule also has secondary interactions such as sulfhydryl bridges and hydrogen bonds which keep the 3d structure which also be disrupted.

light dependent reactions:

release oxygen during the photolysis of wateroccur in the granaproduce atp

light independent reactions:

fix carbon dioxide occur in the stromaproduce glucose

hope this !