How are ionic and covalent bonds different from hydrogen bonds?

Ionic and covalent bonds are intramolecular bonds, meaning that they exist inside the molecule. These bonds deal with the exchange of electrons.

Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds, meaning they bond two separate molecules. These bonds deal with the attraction between hydrogen and electronegative elements such as O and F.

Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Ionic bond: bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. Other types of bonds include metallic bonds and hydrogen bonding.

Ionic vs covalent

Ionic bonds form between a metal and a non-metal. In these bonds, the electrons from the metal are donated to the non-metal.

Covalent bonds form between two non-metals. In these bonds, electrons are shared between the two atoms.

Ionic and covalent bonds are intramolecular bonds and Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds

Explanation:

it's c. (to reduce the greenhouse effect/carbon gasses)

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.