How can respiratory diseases such as emphysema affect the surface area

Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the ling's (alveoli) are damage. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture-creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream

small, big, or no change could occur in the phenotype. it could cause something as simple as a cats ears to curl backwards or something as frighting as death. it could also occur in the protien-coding area and have an effect on that but no effect on the amino acids. what has to occur is a changing in the hox gene or the control gene.

the cell cycle is the final answer! : )