The carbon phosphorus and nitrogen cycles are collectively referred to as cycles

Answer is Biogeochemical cycles.

In an ecosystem biotic (living) abiotic (non-living) components constantly interact each other. During these interactions, there is a transfer of nutrients between living organisms and the non-living environment. Thus, there is recycling of inorganic matter between living organisms and their non-living environment. This cycling of matter is called biogeochemical cycles.

the answer is a) a shiprock was formed by igneous process