Which concept emphasizes development resulting from ongoing bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment?

Epigenesis

Epigenesis is the concept that emphasizes development resulting from ongoing bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment.  

Epigenesis is the development of organisms such as plants, animals and fungi from an egg, seed, or spore or egg through a series of phases in which unorganized cells differentiate into organs and organs systems. The theory of epigenesis which claimed that structures evolve during development that are not already preformed was created by the German physician C. F. Wolff in 1759.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.

it depends on how much it could carry.