What is the difference between a claim and scientific claim?

A claim refers to an assert or state that something is the case, generally without any proof or evidence. It can also be defined as a proclamation of the truth of something, generally one, which is in doubt or is uncertain.  

On the other hand, a scientific claim refers to a statement about the outcomes of the experiment, which is supported by proofs collected at the time of experiment and reasoning that illustrates that how the proof is associated with the claim.  

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