What is another name for measurable data that explains the way things work?

The correct answer is empirical evidence.

Empirical evidence is the part of scientific method and it is the information that comes from the research or experiment in the form of measurable data. Before any pieces of empirical data are collected, scientists need to design their research methods (forming a hypothesis).

when you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. this increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. the intercostal muscles between your ribs also enlarge the chest cavity. they contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale.