Sio4 4– tetrahedra join with ions to produce the mineral olivine in the rock peridotite.

Answer;

Independent; Mg2+ and Fe2+

-Independent SiO4 4– tetrahedra join with Mg2+ and Fe2+ ions to produce the mineral olivine in the rock peridotite.

Explanation;

-The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is a four-sided figure with a silicon atom in the middle bonded to four neighboring oxygen atoms.The simplest silicate structure, that of the mineral olivine, is composed of isolated tetrahedra bonded to iron and/or magnesium ions.

-Olivine is the name of a group of rock-forming minerals that are typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks such as basalt.  Olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg2+, Fe2+)2SiO4. Silica tetrahedra, made up of silicon and oxygen, form chains, sheets, and frameworks, and bond with other cations to form silicate minerals.

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for total protein extraction for western blot analysis from achieved samples following trizol isolation of rna.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.