How maintaining homeostasis gives us greater freedom of activity from dependence upon changes in the external environment?

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to stabilise its internal body metabolism in response to changes in the external environment. The ability to carry out homeostasis provides an organism a lot of freedom from the dependence on the external environment. For example, reptiles are cold blooded animals. They require the heat of the sun for body metabolism. But in the absence of heat or in case of harsh winters, the reptiles will not be able to adjust to the temperature and as a result perish. Mammals are warm-blooded animals, being able to regulate their internal body temperature as and when necessary. Winters will affect the warm-blooded animals less because their body will increase in metabolism in response to cold temperatures to raise the internal body temperature. This is possible only through homeostasis.

many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. a lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon. when two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa.

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