If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send a message all the way to the brain. this is due to what scientists call

Dr. bad has developed a way to damage the atp-binding cassette transporter (abc transporter) on a cell. the cell's abc transporter can no longer bind and use atp when it's transporting substances. which of the following statements best describes how this damage would effect the transport of substances in the affected cell? (choice a) substances at a low concentration outside the cell would be more rapidly transported into the cell, where there is a high concentration. (choice b) substances at a high concentration outside the cell would not be transported into the cell, where there is a low concentration. (choice c) equilibrium would be established between all substances inside and outside of the cell. (choice d) substances at a low concentration outside the cell would not be transported into the cell, where there is a high concentration.

Which of the following statements regarding anfinsen's denaturing experiments with ribonuclease a (rnase a) are valid? exposing the denatured protein to air oxidation and then dialysis to remove urea restored the protein to its original functionality. removing urea by dialysis and then allowing air oxidation of the denatured protein restored the protein to its original functionality. denaturing the protein with both urea and β-mercaptoethanol yielded an inactive protein. anfinsen concluded that protein folding is determined by its primary sequence.

What are genotypes? what are phenotypes?