As electrons flow from one photosystem to another, the amount of energy present in the electrons decreases. how does the plant cell use the energy lost by the electrons?

The plant cell use the energy to maintain and establish a proton gradient.

The electrons flow through the elecron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane producing a build-up of proton in the inner membrane space. This proton gradient is the direct source of energy for generating ATP.

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.