The person who also proposed a mechanism for evolution similar to natural selection was

Th other author of the natural selection is Alfred Russel Wallace.

Died 100 years ago, Alfred Russel Wallace, a British naturalist, co-discoverer with Darwin of natural selection, also showed that the formation of species was a consequence of the dispersion of populations and a reflection of their evolutionary history.

all these collisions do one thing, and that thing is explained in the last option. when dusst, rocks and ice collide, they harden and form giant layers of rocks or hard ice.

d)   to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers

hope it ,

bioteacher101