Vectors are: a. dna molecules used to carry foreign dna fragments into bacteria or other cells b. dna molecules that can be joined with dna fragments that are to be cloned c. rna molecules that can be joined with dna fragments that are to be cloned d. large eukaryotic chromosomes

Can happen anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close all the way. the backbone that protects the spinal cord does not form and close as it should. this often results in damage to the spinal cord and nerves. a) cleft palate b) spina bifida c) encephalocele d) down's syndrome