Summarize how biochemical characters can be used to determine phylogeny

Phylogeny uses communal ancestry to group organisms and further nest them into bigger and bigger groups. This is also a study of evolutionary relationships among organisms. Visible characteristics such as anatomical and behavioral traits, as well as biochemical (enzymes, proteins, pigments, etc.) and genetic traits (nucleotide sequences) that need more modern techniques to detect.  

The different biochemical characters such as enzymes, pigments and proteins among species can be used to determine patterns of phylogeny through the comparison of the similarities and differences between the DNA in two groups that serves to establish homologous or ancestral relationships.

the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.