I think it may be horizontal lines because its used in one point perspective the line that separates the ground and the sky
answered: Guest
earliest
neumes above text
neumes
colored lines
neumes
4-line staff
f, c, or g clef
notes on 5-line staff with clef
mensuration (longas and breves)
time signature (perfect or half circle)
most recent
notes on 5-line staff
modern clefs
modern note values (whole, half, quarter, and so on)
modern time signature
italian words and abbreviations for dynamics and tempo
staccato, slurs, and so on
answered: Guest
i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.
i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)
a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."