in its day, art of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was called the , but giorgio vasari, an artist and art historian of the sixteenth century, coined the term gothic as a pejorative reference to its rejection of the classical principles that regained popularity in the renaissance.

realism.

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grunge  bands  such as nirvana, pearl jam, soundgarden, and alice in chains broke into the mainstream, achieving commercial chart success and widespread exposure. punk revival  bands  like green day and the offspring also became popular and were grouped under the "alternative" umbrella.