Which theory of punishment hinges on the principle that a criminal will fear the pain of punishment more than desire the pleasure of committing the crime?
deterrence
rehabilitation
retribution
societal protection

Deterrence is correct.

Explanation:

According to a definition given by the Cambridge Dictionary, deter is "to prevent someone from doing something [...] by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it." So, according to this, the bad result is the pain of punishment, which is considered a discourager for the potential criminal.

franz marc (d) was an artist during the expressionist movement.

photography had emerged as an elite art pursued by a few creative individuals for a few wealthy patrons. but now, said bauldelaire, it was succumbing to "the great industrial madness of our times." it was becoming a mass production industry that catered to middle-class tastes, including a taste for gadgetry. the stereoscope, the first 3d imaging system, had turned looking at photographs into parlor entertainment. a "thousand hungry eyes were bending over the peepholes of the stereoscope as though they were the attic-windows of the infinite.