When you see someone spending money they owe that they didn't have

In an article about americans working in middle eastern countries, cicy, a white journalist, is described as knowing that she should cover her hair when she leaves her house. according to this article, cicy:

What is the definition of aesthetics? a. the material or materials used by an artist to create artwork b. the branch of philosophy that deals with beauty and how it is expressed and appreciated c. the organization or arrangement of different elements within a work of art o d. the school of thought dedicated to examining the question, "what is art? "

What purpose do the elements of art serve for artists and those who view artworks?