A game will feel arbitrary if:
new players frequently beat experts
experts always beat new players
one particular player in a tournament always wins
it allows players to manually “handicap” themselves through menu options

c, d, e, f, g, a, b, and c.

sometimes western music will also use solfege. the names of these are do ra me fa sol la si (or ti) and do.

to indicate a note a half step higher or lower then the original note, you would say c # (for a half a step above c) or bb (for half a step below b)