The artist who used this style intended to defy what?

movement in visual art and literature, flourishing in Europe between World Wars I and II. Surrealism grew principally out of the earlier Dada movement, which before World War I produced works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason; but Surrealism’s emphasis was not on negation but on positive expression. The movement represented a reaction against what its members saw as the destruction wrought by the “rationalism” that had guided European culture and politics in the past and that had culminated in the horrors of World War I. According to the major spokesman of the movement, the poet and critic André Breton, who published The Surrealist Manifesto in 1924, Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious and unconscious realms of experience so completely that the world of dream and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in “an absolute reality, a surreality.” Drawing heavily on theories adapted from Sigmund Freud, Breton saw the unconscious as the wellspring of the imagination. He defined genius in terms of accessibility to this normally untapped realm, which, he believed, could be attained by poets and painters alike.

artists followed a set of rules to achieve ideal proportion.

i believe the answer is  the similarity is that both are sacrifices which have the same purpose and sacrifice - jesus christ, but the difference is in offering of that sacrifice.

the similarity is that both are sacrifices which have the same purpose (repenting our sins) and sacrifice - jesus christ.  the difference is in the way of the offering that sacrifice. the sacrifice of jesus on the calvary is sacrifice of his actual living body and blood, but the sacrifice of the mass is the sacrifice of the jesus through bread (body) and blood (wine). in the sacrifice on calvary jesus was offered for us; while at mass he offers himself through us.