What is the difference between vap and vep? explain how these measures may (or may not) affect our thinking about the apparent decline in voter turnout?

The difference between the VAP and VEP is lower as there are nations where registration is automatic and mandatory. In these cases, the figures have little disparity. An interesting point is that some countries actually have a larger VEP than VAP.

Hope this helps!!

You need to figure out at which x-value does the graph has a tangent line slope of -1.remember, the derivative is the slope of the tangent line. so find the derivative function and set it to equal -1 to find the x-value that will have a tangent line slope of 0.differentiate with the chain rule.    set the derivative to equal -1 and solve for x.      take log base 10 of both sides. also recall that  .    so the x-coord of the point of tangency is .the y-coordinate of this point of tangency can be calculated using the original function:     using point-slope form, the equation of the tangent line is      the x-intercept of this tangent line is when the graph is at y=0.    this rounds off to  .choice c.