Create a Summary of this passage The present review aims to synthesise literature investigating the association between parental characteristics and offspring mental health and related outcomes in genetically informative designs. An earlier systematic review published in 2014 focused on the children-of-twins method 4. However, several novel methodologies that investigate within-family transmission using innovative techniques have emerged in the past few years. Consequently, there is a gap in the literature for a broad systematic overview that incorporates all genetically informative designs that can be applied to study parent–offspring associations. Here, we focus on studies published from 2014 onwards, as these have not been covered by previous reviews. We first provide a brief overview of the types of genetically informative designs that can be employed to investigate parent–child associations. This is followed by a systematic review of studies investigating associations between parental characteristics and offspring mental health and related outcomes, including internalising behaviours (such as anxiety and depression), externalising behaviours (such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), educational attainment, substance use and personality.

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