Match the letters to the numbers please. Put it down below the comments and please do not put any links please. This is for an exam and i need help. Thank you

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.

answer:

the crusades were organized by western european christians after centuries of muslim wars of expansion. their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of muslim states, to reclaim for christianity the holy land in the middle east, and to recapture territories that had formerly been christian.

explanation:

you can literally google this.