Peroxidase is an enzyme found in many organisms, from plant to humans. The function of peroxidase is to break down hydrogen peroxide, which is a toxin produced as a byproduct when oxygen is produced during respiration. Lactoperoxidase is found in human tissues, glands, and secretions, such as milk, tears, and saliva. It plays an important role in defense against pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal tract of newborn infants and a protective role in sterility of secretions for the respiratory tract. For lactoperoxidase to function properly, thiocyanate is needed. A: Identify two examples of environmental factors that may impact lactoperoxidase activity. Describe how each of the environmental factors would affect the reaction rate of the enzyme.

B: Predict the effects of defects in the thiocyanate transport channels. Provide reasoning to justify your prediction.

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a.

changes in respiratory and central nervous systems

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The No Child Left Behind law—the 2002 update of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act—effectively scaled up the federal role in holding schools accountable for student outcomes.

In December 2015, Congress passed the Every Student Succeeds Act to replace NCLB. ESSA moved in the opposite direction—it seeks to pare back the federal role in K-12 education. For more information on ESSA, read this explainer. See also our full coverage of ESSA and what it means for states and school districts.

NCLB was the product of a collaboration between civil rights and business groups, as well as both Democrats and Republicans on Capitol Hill and the Bush administration, which sought to advance American competitiveness and close the achievement gap between poor and minority students and their more advantaged peers. Since 2002, it’s had an outsized impact on teaching, learning, and school improvement—and become increasingly controversial with educators and the general public.

Here are a few frequently asked questions about the law, its history, and its policy implications.

What is ESEA?

President Lyndon B. Johnson, seated with his childhood schoolteacher, Kate Deadrich Loney, delivers remarks after signing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act on April 11, 1965 at the former Junction Elementary School near Stonewall, Texas.

President Lyndon B. Johnson, seated with his childhood schoolteacher, Kate Deadrich Loney, delivers remarks after signing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act on April 11, 1965 at the former Junction Elementary School near Stonewall, Texas. —Frank Wolfe/The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library-File

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was part of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society program. Passed in 1965, it created a clear role for the federal government in K-12 policy, offering more than $1 billion a year in aid under its first statutory section, known as Title I, to districts to help cover the cost of educating disadvantaged students. The law has been reauthorized and changed more than half a dozen times since that initial legislation. And, for the most part, each new iteration has sought to expand the federal role in education.

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threeway joe on the book fwm!!  

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