Answer all parts of the question that follows.

a) Identify ONE new state that emerged in Europe in the period before 1939.

b) Explain ONE development in Europe that led to the creation of new states in the

period 1914–1939.

c) Explain ONE way in which the circumstances that led to the creation of new states in

Europe in the period 1914–1939 contributed to conflict in Europe in the period

1939-1945.

An example of a political development in Europe that led to the creation of a new state is the movement for independence that took place in Ireland. Ireland was part of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1922. During the late 19th century and the early 20th century, Ireland saw a vigorous campaign advocating for Irish Home Rule. By 1918, militant republican separatism had gained strength.

War began between the Irish rebels and the British forces in 1919. Ireland was partitioned into Northern Ireland (belonging to the UK) and the Irish Free State, in 1920-1921. The Republic of Ireland, an independent nation, achieved full recognition in the years between 1931-1937.

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.