Which of the following is the best equation for stress?
a. reaction + stress = stressor
b. stressor + reaction = stress
c. stress + stress = reaction
d. stressor + stress = reaction
15. which of the following is not a possible category that changes and
threats often fall into?

B. stressor + reaction = stress

Explanation:

anything that makes you worry such as jobs , life , etc or people causing problems such as bullying , family , etc are stressors , depending on your reaction to these things cause stress , but any little thing that happen you shouldn't stress over it cuz it may cause health problems

 i hope this helps !! :)

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.