The following examples are primary sources except

a passage from the diary of one of the scientists who discovered lucy
an encyclopedia that provides factual details about the finding of lucy
a photograph of lucy that was taken on november 24, 1974, in ethiopia
an interview with a scientist who was present when lucy was found

An encyclopedia that provides factual details about the finding of lucy

Explanation: A primary source is somebody who was there, or a record made by somebody who was there. Examples of a primary source would be;

  Somebody telling a story about something they were there for

  An account of what happened, written by somebody who was there/part of the process

                   A Secondary source is something that may still be factual, is not coming straight from the mouth of somebody who was there. Examples of a Secondary source;

   A friend telling somebody about what happened to their friend

   And article that was not written by somebody who was there, usually containing quotes from a primary source.

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.